New Jersey's Graduated Driver License (GDL) program phases in driving privileges as teens gain experience. Here's how it works for a teen starting at 16, based on information published by the NJ MVC.
Step 1: Special learner permit (age 16)
- Your teen must be at least 16, have signed parent or guardian consent, and be enrolled in an approved behind-the-wheel course through a licensed driving school or an approved school program.
- They must pass the MVC knowledge test and vision screening.
- The approved course is six full hours of behind-the-wheel instruction in a dual-controlled vehicle with a licensed instructor. Time spent at the MVC doesn't count toward those hours.
- The MVC validates the permit for practice driving only after the course is completed. The permit is valid for two years.
Step 2: Supervised practice
For permits issued on or after February 1, 2025 to drivers under 21, New Jersey requires a minimum of 50 hours of supervised practice driving, including 10 hours in darkness, before a probationary license. The supervising driver must be at least 21 and hold a valid NJ license for the type of vehicle. A parent, guardian or supervising driver certifies the hours on MVC form BA-CSD. The MVC notes that submitting a fraudulent certification can lead to a six-month suspension.
Teens under 21 must wait at least six months from permit issuance before the road test.
Step 3: Probationary license (age 17+)
After at least six months of supervised driving, the 50 certified hours, and a passed road test, a teen who is at least 17 can get a probationary license. Probationary drivers must hold it for at least one year of unsupervised driving and follow GDL restrictions. These include limits on late-night driving and passengers, no use of hand-held or hands-free devices, and displaying GDL decals. See the NJ MVC for the current, complete list.
Step 4: Basic license
After the probationary year, and once the driver turns 18, they can upgrade to a basic license.
How parents can help
- Keep a log of practice hours from day one. The MVC's Share the Keys guide includes one.
- Practice in varied conditions: night, rain, highways like Route 4 and Route 17, and busy downtowns.
- Model the behavior you expect: phone away, seat belt on, calm driving.
- Use professional lessons for the hard parts. See our teen driver program and parent resources.
Last reviewed: October 2026. This guide is general information, not legal advice.